- “Skillfull,” linked in Alison Wynn’s Individual Change Won’t Create Gender Equality in Organizations, is an organization with the intent of connecting the 70% of Americans without college degrees with employers, educators and lawmakers based on skill sets. The website has resources for employers as well as the unemployed to get involved. What this adds to Wynn’s article is an outlet for the disparities she discussed to be helped. Women, or disadvantaged people can use this resource to pursue their endeavors.
- Her target audience in citing this website is women without college degrees. I gather this from the website’s mission statement which says, “Skillful works with employers, educators, policymakers and others to help the nearly 70% of Americans without college degrees get good jobs based on the skills they have or the skills they can learn – creating new opportunities for success in the digital era.” Wynn’s article is about a disparity of women in tech, and this linked article provides a resource for people without college degrees to get jobs in tech. Further, the website’s resources provide a place for women with a desire to get involved in tech to sign up, people who may have come straight from Wynn’s article.
Research Portfolio
For this project, the goal was to start with a small topic and expand it into a greater field of research and perspectives, making the discussion bigger and bigger. We started with the simple definition of organizational culture, and then expanded it to the positives and negatives of it. Through this we found an opposing ideal, which champions diversity as a means for greater success. We discussed all of this within the realm of the workplace, with some readings relating it further. What interested me most was when I first saw the connection of diversity to success made to something extremely different from the workplace realm. This was when in the “Expanding the Canon” assignment, someone included an article of a study which theorized a connection between diversity and success inn international, professional soccer.
From here I wanted to research a theory that diversity inherently means greater success. In stating this theory, I was able to find more avenues of research in looking to disprove it. This was done in the “complicating your research” activity, where I found information that proves diversity doesn’t, in fact, equate to immediate greater success. The article I found conducted a study that showed diverse groups performing equal to or less than less diverse groups. The study then implemented two things into the groups – trust, and openness in communication – and analyzed how that changed their level of success. The result was eye-opening for my research, because implementing these two things made the diverse groups outperform the non-diverse groups significantly. This brought me to my final avenue of research, which I decided would be my focus. I wondered if these two variables could be the connection between diversity and success in any sense, including in the real world, beyond a team or office.
This path of research I took all guided me to this inquiry, which I plan to dive into next to finish off this research project. Can some form of implementation of trust and openness in communication solve a gap between diversity and success in the real world? Meaning could it solve some of the issues with race our country has been plagued with for centuries and up to this day? Or does this relate back to one of my article’s claims that “diversity and inclusion” type of workshops in the office don’t help, but actually make minority employees feel more uncomfortable? Or how could these things be implemented without uncomfortable and useless workshops? These are the questions I will seek answers to as I finish my research.
Week of 7/6 Discussion
- Heterogeneity and team performance: Evaluating the effect of cultural diversity in the world’s top soccer league
In Heterogeneity and team performance: Evaluating the effect of cultural diversity in the world’s top soccer league, by Keith Ingersoll, Edmond Malesky and Sebastian M. Saiegh, the authors discuss a study in which the success of various professional soccer teams was analyzed on a premise of the level of diversity in each team. What they found was a positive relationship between diversity and performance. Teams with international talent on their roster outperform teams with a motivation towards cultivating “homegrown” (local) talent.
This source is extremely useful to my research because it brings the topic of diversity from within the realms of workplace structure, to the outside world, in the far reaches of professional international sports. This brings the topic from a small to very large scale, and opens up the possibility to relate the topic to other realms. By reaching to sports performance , something very different from office performance, it opens up all the places in between where there is room to look for connections between diversity and success. This article will work as a connection point from the workplace research to the larger world research.
2. In Readers Respond: Open Offices Are Terrible For Women, the women who respond build on the original ideas from the article. One women does this effectively by extending some of the original examples with her own experiences. She describes how she has been meaning to speak with her manager for a while now about a man who stares at her consistently and has caused her to take other routes throughout the office in order to avoid him. By illustrating her own experience she helps validate the original articles claims. I found her input interesting because it shed light on the feelings women have throughout their day while in an open office plan. The nature of many men cause them stress the men don’t ever have to bear. She furthers the point by adding that usually when women bring up issues like this their managers claim there is little they can do to fix it , and it has a negative impact on the worker who reported it and not the man.
Week of 6/29 Discussion
- Throughout this course so far we’ve read many contributions on the discussion of diversity, especially in the workplace. People make points for both the business and ethical effects of having more diversity in the workplace. In Wong’s, Culture: Equity and Inclusion, she adds to this conversation with her comparison of “equity vs. equality.” This is in the section titled “Equity vs. Equality.” Equality means everyone is treated the same, but this does not result in equity. Equity means a fair playing field. It is this particular point that Wong adds to the conversation of diversity we haven’t discussed thus far. It’s crucial to talk about how the time of this article’s release affects its contents. As the conversation around diversity progresses, more points like Wong’s are added to change what it means for a safe workplace for everyone.
- In chapter 8 of They Say, I Say, the authors employ a variety of techniques to make connections between different parts of a piece of writing. In Cori Wong’s article she uses some of these techniques herself, connecting part to part throughout the article. One example of this is in the following paragraph: “While diversity often refers to representation of difference, inclusion refers to how differences are meaningfully incorporated and integrated into daily practices. As such, a better way to frame the commitment to be more equitable and inclusive would start by asking, ‘Who is not represented at the proverbial table? In what ways have we kept some people out.'” She uses the beginning explaining a definition for diversity and uses the transition “as such,” to begin the next sentence in taking the definition elsewhere, asking a counter on top of it. This technique is effective because it ties two points together seamlessly. It informs the reader the next point is similar but different and will be adding a new thought on top of it.
Research Plan
The question guiding my research is, how do our findings from studies on workplace diversity help us better understand the role of diversity of our world at large? Studies within the workplace show again and again how diversity can have a positive effect on the success of a company. They also have shown what goes wrong when diversity doesn’t have a positive impact. This can be a direct look into why, as a world of many races, we sometimes clash, and sometimes use our differences to our advantage. At a time where issues of race are as prevalent a conversation as any, I think this is an important connection to make.
This question intrigues my personal interests because the dilemma of racial equality has been something I’ve thought about my entire life. Why is it that she corporations can foster diversity successfully while others fail? Why are some countries plagued with constant strife against one or more races, while others live more peacefully? What can turn our differences into advantages rather than things to fear to push us apart. I believe the research on organizational culture and diversity is on the path to answering those questions. My career and personal interests relate to these topics because I play basketball for Syracuse and found the article about Football interesting for what diversity means on a greater level than just the workplace.
The work I do in the world beyond this course will inform this inquiry, as I’m both in a sports environment as well as a diverse environment. It’s easy to see first-hand what works and what doesn’t. I can make connections to the Football study, in that each of my teammate brings a different style of player from their part of the world. The fields that will matter most to my inquiry are studies of diversity in smaller to larger group settings, from classroom/workroom to country. I’ll look for information in sports studies on diversity and relate it to sports on a bigger stage in order to expand to a perspective of the world at large. I’ll look at political studies for information on country’s diversity and compare it to studies on diversity in sports.
Week of 6/22 Discussion
- One search tool that has worked well for me is the Syracuse Library Database search tool. Through this I was able to search by category and look in a specific realm of research. I was able to look at a whole pool of articles about organizational culture and workplace diversity. One roadblock in using this search tool was finding a lot of articles about the exact same thing. To get past this I had to search for specific topics, not the broad “organizational culture.” Before learning how to utilize Syracuse Library’s search tools, I would use google search and have an even broader range of results, with many articles again, coming up with the exact same thing, just due to google’s search algorithm. Sometimes, with both methods, it takes searching some of the things I have questions about and not what I already know.
- Going forward into this research problem, my goal is dive more into the real-world applications of our findings from these articles. I want to find more cool and different ways some of these concepts apply. through this I hope to find primary sources that dive into the voices of minority members of corporations, institutions and societies. To find them I’ll continue using the SU library database search tools to find articles with new information. My goal is to find information completely different from what my classmates have found thus far, and really expand our canon when it comes to the topics we continue to discuss each week.
Week of 6/15 Discussion
- One article I found interesting in the class canon was Mike’s contribution, Exploring the Impact of Cultural Diversity on professional Football, by Keith Ingersoll, Edmond Malesky and Sebastian M. Saiegh. This contribution added to our class understanding of organizational culture and diversity because it adds the element of sport. The graphic he included really pushed the article’s point through, in showing how having players from different countries on a team contributed to the team’s success.
Another interesting contribution was Toni’s article, Challenging the dialogic promise: how Ben & Jerry’s support for Black Lives Matter fosters dissensus on social media, by Erica Ciszek and Nneka Logan. What this piece adds to our class’s understanding is how social media and company’s influence impacts our culture when it comes to opinions on diversity. Toni included a screenshot of a tweet from Ben and Jerry’s, showing clearly a stance on the racism, specifically with the murder of George Floyd.
3. In The problem With Diversity in Computing, by Ian Bogost, he moves between paragraphs and sections smoothly, using transitions effectively. One example of this is when he moves from an overview of several experiences in the issues of diversity with computing, to a counter point. After finishing a story of Webb and her experience in the airport security, he begins the next paragraph with, “But that’s an aspirational hope.” This immediately has the text do a 180 and gets the readers refocused on a new direction the author takes them. He begins to explain the experience of Webb on a broader scale and takes his point to the real world. This transition is effective because it’s short and to the point. He doesn’t drag on the topic of Webb, but instead uses her experience as a boat to the next, more important point. Her experience leads into what it means for the rest of the world, but Bogost doesn’t waste time in switching to his main topic.
Week of 5/25 Discussion
- It has become common today to overlook the experiences of minorities in the workplace, something Gundemir details in The Impact of Organizational Diversity Policies on Minority Employees’ Leadership Self-Perceptions and Goals. However overlooked, these issues are as prevelant as the actual need for diversity corporations now call for in the workplace.
I used the template in They Say, I Say that Graff and Birkenstein display as “It has become common today to dismiss ________.” I found this framing useful, because it’s more exciting than simply stating, “in this book *blank* says that *blank*”. Instead of this this overused way of framing common in high school English essays, the framing in TSIS does a better job of grabbing the audience’s attention and setting the tone for a less typical analysis we’re used to seeing. The framing I used not only introduces a section from the piece of writing, but brings a real world setting with it, using, “it has become common today to…”
2. Austin and Pisano and Gundemir’s ideas matter because they help piece together this bigger picture we have begun to discuss with diversity. They take different angles to what diversity means in the workplace. Diversity in the workplace has a ripple effect to both the success of the workplace and the outer sphere of society. Our readings have discussed how even in the earliest stages of diversity discussions with gifted programs in elementary schools, the lack of diversity has a ripple effect to the workplaces much further beyond that. A lack of diversity at the earliest level ripples into high school, college and eventually the workforce. Their ideas matter because they show once again the effect diverse people and ideas have on a institution, corporation or workforce. The impact of new and different ideas and techniques shows us again and again what diversity can do to help the success of any group.
Bogost Rhetorical Moves
In Bogust’s, The Problem of Diversity in Computing, he uses many rhetorical moves to make his point. He starts with hug attention grabber for his audience with this quote: “When Amy Webb broke her ankle, she was forced to hobble around on a walking boot.” This is an alarming way to start an article but it grabs the attention of the audience. This introduction leads to a story about the women mentioned and her difficulties with metal scanners.
He uses this story to detail a problem to the audience that is with under-representation in the tech industry. He does this by relating her problem to others, and making it bigger; “Webb’s experience is among the more innocuous consequences of computer systems that don’t anticipate all the types of people who might use them.” By setting up a problem to the audience and making them aware of it, he makes them eager to listen to him for the answer.
After going into the issues of diversity, he brings up a counterpoint to further his own point’s credibility. To this counter-argument he says, “That idea echoes a popular suggestion to remedy computers’ ignorance of different sorts of people: Increase the diversity of representation among the people who make these systems, and they will serve the population better.” He follows this by saying, while this has merit, it is essentially wrong, and explains to his audience why. This again, helps with his credibility, by comparing and taking apart an argument opposite to his.
He does this again in his conclusion, relating all he’s talked about to a counterpoint that suggests all of this doesn’t relate to simply tech diversity, saying, “for years, companies and educators in the tech sector have framed diversity as a “pipeline” problem.” He moves into his conclusion strongly by showing how even his own points are sometimes attributed to some other cause. However he uses this as momentum to explain why that isn’t so, and why the real reason is the tech diversity.
At the very end he dials his point down to end the article in a way that brings up new questions. He says, “if she’s right, then the problem with computing isn’t just that it doesn’t represent a diverse public’s needs. Instead, the problem with computing is computing. By doing this he expands on his own points by suggesting the diversity might be deeper than just surface-level.
Discussion post 7/6/20 (Dan)
- Rahul Chakraborty (a professor at Texas State university) wrote an excellent article called A Short note on Accent-bias, Social Identity and Ethnocentrism. This article explores concepts such as social identity theory (S.I.T.). This is a theory that states how people will identify themselves with others who share similar traits as them. SIT explains that this tendency to categorize ourselves gives us a feeling of familiarity and belongingness. People who are in the same social group of ours form “ingroups” and the people that are not form “outgroups”. Rahul then talks about how this is related to a topic called ethnocentrism. Essential the meaning of this is that members of ingroup believe that their group is centric to everything. This ethnocentrism when taken too far can lead to people discriminating against outgroups Accents are a typical characteristic that people tend to categorize each-other with. The author then offers some tips that can help mitigate the issue of accent discrimination. Some of the tips included the use of speech language pathologists to help nonnative speakers improve their pronunciation in their nonnative language. Another tip was hiring more diverse staff in universities so that students become more accustom to working with people who have a nonnative accent.
This article is an important part of my portfolio explains some of the psychology involved in unconscious bias. This article has taken my understanding of this topic to a much higher level and was crucial to my final project in this class. Another thing I found useful about this article is how it referenced and explained several studies that were conducted which validate his arguments. I found this article through the use of the advanced search on Syracuse Summons library.
Chakraborty, R. (2017). A Short note on Accent–bias, Social Identity and Ethnocentrism. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8(4), 57. doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.4p.57